19. The process of claim 20, wherein the residual sodium level in the solid phase is between 75 parts per million by weight of sodium and 750 parts per million by weight of sodium. This application claims the benefit of 62/540,028 filed Aug. 1, 2017, Jian-Ping Shen et al., Atty. When they react with acids, they form salt molecules and water. More specifically, the disclosure relates to attrition resistant, fluidizable, zinc oxide-based sorbents, and to processes for making and using them. The following Example further illustrates the disclosure and is not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. 6,951,635 describes the synthesis and characterization of various zinc-containing substances and the use of these substances for the removal of reduced sulfur species, particularly H, The described active zinc component disclosed by Gangwal et al., is a two-phase material consisting essentially of a zinc oxide (ZnO) phase and a zinc aluminate (ZnAl, These materials remove the reduced sulfur components from a warm gas stream at temperatures as low as 400 F. (204 C.) and at temperatures as high as 1000 F. (538 C.) and thus provide a substantial degree of flexibility allowing removal of undesirable sulfur components from a feed gas in a selected temperature range. PATENTED CASE, Zinc oxide-based sorbents, and processes for preparing and using them are provided, wherein the sorbents are preferably used to remove one or more reduced sulfur species from gas streams. While both terms refer to compounds that can neutralize acids, they have distinct properties and characteristics. Sodium vs salt, What is the difference between steel and aluminum? 22. Nevertheless, as long as the modified precursor, (or precursors), is readily convertible to the final oxide product(s) by calcination, such modification does not interfere with formation of the sorbent. These precipitated zinc oxide precursors and precipitated alumina precursors are prepared by precipitating nitrates, sulfates, chlorides, acetates, alkoxides, and like salts of zinc and aluminum with alkali metal hydroxides and carbonates as is well known to those skilled in the art. 23. Preferably the calcining is conducted at a temperature that is about the same, or higher, than the intended initial regeneration temperature. The interpretation software is Jade 9.1. ZnO + H2O --> Zn(OH)2 followed by either 1/ or 2/, (this can be followed by a 2nd 'basic' step --> Zn(H2O)(OH)22+ + 2OH-), zinc oxide + sulfuric acid -> water + zinc sulfate, Acid base reaction will occur Preferably, the total dry solids content of such materials, based on adjusted weight, is less than about 25 wt %, more preferably less than about 20 wt %, even more preferably less than about 10 wt %, most preferably, less than about 5 wt %. Eg. The present disclosure may suitably comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of, the steps, elements, and/or reagents described in the claims. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. substantially spherical particles, said particles comprising at least 75 wt % of an active zinc component consisting essentially of a zinc oxide phase and a zinc aluminate phase, each of said phases having a crystallite size of less than about 50 nm as determined by x-ray diffraction line broadening analysis. Zinc oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid to form zinc chloride and water. In turn, the final zinc oxide-based sorbent is found to contain zinc oxide (ZnO) phase and zinc aluminate (ZnAl, Currently preferred zinc oxide and alumina precursors are Zn(NO. 4. A 3 mm receiving slit and diffracted beam monochromator process the radiation prior to a sodium iodide scintillation counter, which measures counts per second. DE-FE0000489 awarded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). preparative gas chromatography, Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04, Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04 comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxide; comprising bauxite, Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties, Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties, Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. Such preferred process embodiments can be achieved, as a result, at least in part, of the high reactivity, and high attrition resistance of the zinc oxide-based sorbents of the current disclosure. Alkali is a base. The term, substantially free, is used herein to mean a weight percent content or an adjusted weight percent (where applicable) content of about 1 percent or less. Calcine the spray dried powder in flowing air for two hours. Throughout the present specification, the terms about and/or approximately may be used in conjunction with numerical values and/or ranges. Such transport reactor systems are known in the art and descriptions can be found in literature and patents such as found in the disclosure by Gangwal, et al., in U.S. Pat. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS, Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof, Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material, Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04, Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. The use of extremely small non-oxide precursors, allows mixing of the zinc and aluminum components at a near-molecular level prior to formation of any sorbent structure whatsoever. National Center for Biotechnology Information. It is not an alkali because it does not dissolve in water. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Free format text: The use of precipitated intermediates, which typically have an extremely small particle size, promotes enhanced mixing and uniform distribution of the zinc oxide and zinc aluminate phases in the active zinc sorbent component, and also promotes formation of small crystallite phases in the active zinc component. Zinc oxide (when it is slightly dissoved in water) is a base but ALSO an acid, though very weak. 15. Alkalis dissolve in water to produce OH-. In a preferred embodiment of U.S. Pat. 16. Unless expressly stated otherwise, all weight percentages are calculated and expressed based on the adjusted weight of the sorbent components and compositions. Slurry temperatures should be controlled in the range between 25 C. and 75 C., preferably between 50 C. and 70 C. The pumping rates should be adjusted to ensure complete reaction between the zinc oxide precursor, the aluminum oxide precursor and the alkali metal hydroxide such that a slurry pH can be reliably controlled to be at between pH 5.0 to pH 10.0, more preferably between pH 5.5 to 7.5. Heat the water to 50-70 C. Turn on both peristaltic pumps simultaneously. Sorbent compositions which are substantially free of inert components such as binders or the like are currently preferred in the practice of the disclosure. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. These attrition-resistant, zinc oxide-based sorbents were prepared by converting a precursor mixture comprising a precipitated zinc oxide precursor and a precipitated aluminum oxide precursor to the two-phase, active zinc oxide-containing component. 17. The sorbents contain an active zinc component, optionally in combination with one or more promoter components and/or one or more substantially inert components. Ans: The bases that are water-soluble are called alkalis. The process of any of claims 6-8, wherein the active zinc oxide containing sorbent particles comprise zinc oxide grains about 12 nm to about 30 nm diameter. Where the stated range includes one or both of the limits, ranges excluding either or both of those included limits are also included in the disclosure. 26. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. Alkalis, however, do not seem to change the pH of pure distilled water very much (unless its extremely basic). Ans: Uses of traditional Alkalis sodium hydroxide are used to make paper, soap, and detergents. Metals Zinc, Tin, Lead, Aluminium, Beryllium form amphoteric oxides or hydroxides). Where a range of values is provided, it is understood that each intervening value, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, between the upper and lower limits of that range is also specifically disclosed. So zinc reacts with potassium hydroxide to form potassium zincate which is a salt. Titrant vs. Titrand: Understanding the Difference, Difference between forensic chemistry and forensic toxicology, Difference between dropping funnel and separating funnel you never knew, What is the Difference Between Electron and Beta Particle? For ease of discussion and clarity of disclosure, the sorbent compositions disclosed and discussed hereinafter shall be assumed to be free of promoter and inert components, except where stated to the contrary. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Natural vs Synthetic Indicators: What's the Difference? For the sorbent generated by U.S. Pat. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The active zinc component is a two-phase material, consisting essentially of a zinc oxide (ZnO) phase and a zinc aluminate (ZnAl 2 O 4 ) phase. Advantageously the slurry is spray dried into a conventional, heated zone which is heated by a feed gas provided at a temperature sufficient that outlet gasses from the spray drying chamber have a temperature above about 265 F. (129 C.). The base has a harsh flavour and is slick to the touch. Salts of Zinc are acidic as well as basic. Abstract: A new type of voltage dependent resistors (varistors), based on zinc oxide ceramics wi PbO2reacts with hydrochloric acid so, it is basic. Zinc oxide reacts with hydrochloric acid to form zinc chloride and water. Venditore professionale. A new kind of high-temperature water gas shift catalyst based on K-promoted ZnO/ZnAl 2 O 4, introduced by Haldor Topse as SK-501 Flex, has begun to replace the well-known Fe/Cr oxide catalysts in the industry.In this research article, we focus on optimization of the catalyst system, especially on promotion with alkali metals and on structural characterization using X-ray diffraction. Bases do not dissolve in water. Ans: Typically they are metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates and carbonates of molten hydrogen. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Preferably the sorbents are prepared by using an alkali metal base to convert a precursor mixture, containing a precipitated zinc oxide precursor and a . Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range, and each range where either, neither or both limits are included in the smaller ranges is also encompassed within the disclosure, subject to any specifically excluded limit in the stated range. It is a basic salt alkali earth metal or alkali metal. Zinc Hydroxide is a weak base. The process of claim 29, wherein said spray dried particles are calcined at about 600C to about 800C. Answer (1 of 2): Before you read this answer please review solubility rules and understand how Zinc Hydroxide is amphoteric in chemical reactions. They also react with acids to form salt and water. It is to be noted that acid treatment of the precipitated zinc oxide precursor and/or the precipitated aluminum oxide precursor prior to spray drying, can, in at least some cases, change the chemical identity of the precursor.
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